Pengaruh Trauma Kepala Kronik Berulang Terhadap Proses Neurodegeneratif Terutama Fungsi Koginitif : Kajian Literatur
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Riwayat trauma kepala kronik berulang menjadi salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya proses neurodegeneratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh trauma kepala kronik berulang terhadap proses neurodegeneratif, terutama fungsi kognitif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan cara mengumpulkan dan menelaah penelitian terdahulu. Hasil penelusuran jurnal ditemukan sebanyak 10 jurnal yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang ditentukan oleh peneliti. Penelitian menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif, menyediakan informasi mengenai perubahan neuropatologis otak yang didapatkan dari autopsi dan gejala yang dialami pasien selama masih hidup berdasarkan rekam medis. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa individu dengan riwayat trauma kepala berulang sebagian besar akan mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif, gangguan perilaku, dan gangguan mood. Gejala kognitif yang sering terlihat adalah gangguan memori, gangguan atensi dan konsentrasi, serta gangguan fungsi eksekutif. Pada autopsi otak juga ditemukan kelainan patologis P-tau berupa neurofibrillary tangles, neurites tangles, dan astrocytic tangles. Implikasi dari temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya pengembangan strategi diagnosis dini, pencegahan trauma berulang, serta perlunya intervensi medis dan rehabilitasi kognitif untuk mengurangi risiko perkembangan ensefalopati traumatik kronik pada individu berisiko tinggi.
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