Sistem Kerja Shift di Titik Strategis di Tempat Pemeriksaan Keimigrasian dalam persektif ketahanan
Main Article Content
Penelitian ini berlatar belakang karena tuntutan zaman maka sistem kerja berbentuk shift menjadi keharusan. Dengan sistem kerja shift yang tidak sesuai dengan sifat alami manusia sebagai makhluk diurnal maka tentu akan muncul risiko pekerjaan. Risiko pekerjaan tersebut apabila dilihat di tempat pemeriksaan keimigrasian, maka tentu dapat memunculkan risiko yang sama dengan pekerja-pekerja yang bekerja dengan jadwal shift. nam suatu ancaman terhadap ketahanan nasional suatu bangsa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur. Hasil temuan penelitian menunjukan bahwa kerja shift terutama yang sudah dilakukan secara berturut-turut akan memberi dampak pada performa pekerja, apabila dikaitkan dengan performa petugas pemeriksa keimigrasian maka dapat menimbulkan ancaman terhadap ketahanan nasional suatu bangsa.
Keywords:
kerja shift, Performa Pekerja, ketahanan nasional
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Åkerstedt, T. (1991). Shift Work and Sleep Disturbances. In Sleep and Health Risk (pp. 265–278). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76034-1_32
Arti, C., & Pati, A. K. (2000). Could Externally Desynchronized Circadian Rhythm Be Resynchronized in Shift Workers? Biological Rhythm Research, 31(2), 160–176. https://doi.org/10.1076/0929-1016(200004)31:2;1-U;FT160
Aschoff, Jü. (1978). Features of Circadian Rhythms Relevant for the Design of Shift Schedules. Ergonomics, 21(10), 739–754. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140137808931777
Asmara, G., & Baniswati. (2020). Hukum Keimigrasian (Sarkawi, Ed.). Pustaka Bangsa.
Austin, L. L., Liu, B. F., & Jin, Y. (2014). Examining signs of recovery: How senior crisis communicators define organizational crisis recovery. Public Relations Review, 40(5), 844–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.06.003
Bjerner, B., Holm, A., & Swensson, A. (1955). Diurnal Variation in Mental Performance: A Study of Three-shift Workers. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 12(2), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.12.2.103
Boivin, D. B., Boudreau, P., & Kosmadopoulos, A. (2022). Disturbance of the Circadian System in Shift Work and Its Health Impact. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 37(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304211064218
Browne, R. C. (1949). The Day and Night Performance of Teleprinter Switchboard Operators. Occupational Psychology, 23, 121–126.
Buzzanell, P. M. (2018). Organizing resilience as adaptive-transformational tensions. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 46(1), 14–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2018.1426711
Chamlee-Wright, E., & Storr, V. H. (2011). Social Capital as Collective Narratives and Post-Disaster Community Recovery. The Sociological Review, 59(2), 266–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2011.02008.x
Constitution of the World Health Organization (2006).
Folkard, S. (1990). Circadian performance rhythms: some practical and theoretical implications. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences, 327(1241), 543–553. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1990.0097
Folkard, S., & Monk, T. H. (1979). Shiftwork and Performance. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 21(4), 483–492. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872087902100410
Folkard, S., & Monk, T. H. (1985). Hours of Work: Temporal Factors in Work Scheduling. Wiley.
Folkard, S., & Tucker, P. (2003). Shift work, safety and productivity. Occupational Medicine, 53(2), 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqg047
Frandsen, F., & Johansen, W. (2016). Organizational Crisis Communication: A Multivocal Approach. Sage.
French, S. L., & Holden, T. Q. (2012). Positive Organizational Behavior: A Buffer for Bad News. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 75(2), 208–220. https://doi.org/10.2308/bria-50651
Frese, M., & Harwich, C. (1984). Shiftwork and the Length and Quality of Sleep. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 26(8), 561–566.
Fröberg, J. E., Karlsson, C.-G., Levi, L., & Lidberg, L. (1975). Circadian rhythms of catecholamine excretion, shooting range performance and self-ratings of fatigue during sleep deprivation. Biological Psychology, 2(3), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(75)90018-6
Glenville, M., Broughton, R., Wing, A. M., & Wilkinson, R. T. (1978). Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Short Duration Performance Measures Compared to the Wilkinson Auditory Vigilance Task. Sleep, 1(2), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/1.2.169
Grunig, J. E. (2011). Public Relations and strategic management: Istitutionalizing organization-public relationshoips ins comtemporary society. Central European Journal of Communication, 1, 11–31.
Gupta, S., & Pati, A. K. (1994). Characteristics of Circadian Rhythm in Six Variables of Morning Active and Evening Active Healthy Human Subjects. Indian Journal of Physiological Pharmacology, 38(2), 101–107.
Harrington, J. M. (1994). Shift Work and Health: a Critical Review of the Literature on Working Hours. Annals of the Academy of Medicine of Singapore, 23(5), 699–705.
Hildebrandt, G., Rohmert, W., & Rutenfranz, J. (1974). 12 and 24 hours Rhythms in error frequency of locomotive drivers and the influence of tiredness. International Journal of Chronobiology, 2(2), 80–175.
Koller, M., Kundi, M., & Cervinka, R. (1978). Field Studies of Shift Work at an Austrian Oil Refinery I: Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing of Workers who Drop Out of Shiftwork. Ergonomics, 21(10), 835–847. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140137808931787
Kuntz, J. R. C., Malinen, S., & Näswall, K. (2017). Employee resilience: Directions for resilience development. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 69(3), 223–242. https://doi.org/10.1037/cpb0000097
Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011a). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.07.001
Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011b). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.07.001
Leso, V., Fontana, L., Caturano, A., Vetrani, I., Fedele, M., & Iavicoli, I. (2021). Impact of Shift Work and Long Working Hours on Worker Cognitive Functions: Current Evidence and Future Research Needs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6540. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126540
Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological Capital: Investing and Developing Positive Organizational Behavior. In Positive Organizational Behavior (pp. 9–24). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446212752.n2
Malinen, K., Kinnunen, U., Tolvanen, A., Rönkä, A., Wierda-Boer, H., & Gerris, J. (2010). Happy Spouses, Happy Parents? Family Relationships Among Finnish and Dutch Dual Earners. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(2), 293–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00700.x
Mallak, L. A. (1998). Measuring resilience in health care provider organizations. Health Manpower Management, 24(4), 148–152. https://doi.org/10.1108/09552069810215755
Nealley, M. A., & Gawron, V. J. (2015). The Effect of Fatigue on Air Traffic Controllers. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 25(1), 14–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2015.981488
Olsson, E. (2014). Crisis Communication in Public Organisations: Dimensions of Crisis Communication Revisited. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 22(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12047
Pati, A. K., Arti Chandrawanshi, & Alain Reinberg. (2001). Shift Work: Consequences and Management. Current Science, 81(1), 32–52.
Pati, A. K., Chandrawanshi, A., & Reinberg, A. (2001). Shift work: Consequences and management. Current Science, 81(1), 32–52.
Pati, A. K., & Gupta, S. (1994). Desynchronization of Circadian Rhythms in a Group of Shift Working Nurses: Effects of Pattern of Shift Rotation. Journal of Human Ergoloy, 23, 121–131.
Phillips, B., Magan, L., Gerhardstein, C., & Cecil, B. (1991). Shift Work, Sleep Quality, and Worker Health. Southern Medical Journal, 84(10), 1176–1196. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199110000-00005
Reinberg, A., Vieux, N., & Andlauer, P. (1980, May 12). Night and Shift Work: Biological and Social Aspects. Fifth International Symposium on Night and Shift Work?: Scientific Committee on Shift Work of the Permanent Commission and International Association on Occupational Health.
Rodríguez-Sánchez, A., Guinot, J., Chiva, R., & López-Cabrales, Á. (2021). How to emerge stronger: Antecedents and consequences of organizational resilience. Journal of Management & Organization, 27(3), 442–459. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.5
Sande Junior, P. (2020). Selective Policy Imigrasi Indonesia terhadap Orang Asing dari Negara Calling Visa. In Indonesian Perspective (Vol. 5, Issue 1).
Siebenaler, M. J., & McGovern, P. M. (1991). Shiftwork: Consequences and Considerations. AAOHN Journal, 39(12), 558–567. https://doi.org/10.1177/216507999103901203
Smolensky, M. H., Paustenbach, D. T., & Scheving, L. E. (1985). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Biological Responses (Vol. 3). John Wiley & Sons.
Sutcliffe, K. M., & Vogus, T. J. (2003). Organizing for Resilience. In Positive Organizational Scholarship: Foundations of a New Discipline (pp. 94–110). Berrett-Koehle.
Tepas, D., Johnson, L. C., & Colquhoun, W. P. (1981). Biological Rhythms, Sleep and Shift Wok (Advaces in Sleep Research) (1st ed.). Springer.
Tilley, A. J., Wilkinson, R. T., Warren, P. S. G., Watson, B., & Drud, M. (1982). The Sleep and Performance of Shift Workers. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 24(6), 629–641. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872088202400601
Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient Individuals use Positive Emotions to Bounce Back from Negative Emotional Experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320–333.
van der Vegt, G. S., Essens, P., Wahlström, M., & George, G. (2015). Managing Risk and Resilience. Academy of Management Journal, 58(4), 971–980. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.4004
Vercio, C., Loo, L. K., Green, M., Kim, D. I., & Beck Dallaghan, G. L. (2021). Shifting Focus from Burnout and Wellness toward Individual and Organizational Resilience. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 33(5), 568–576. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2021.1879651
Vida?ek, S., Kaliterna, L., RadoŠevi?-Vida?ek, B., & Folkard, S. (1986). Productivity on a weekly rotating shift system: circadian adjustment and sleep deprivation effects? Ergonomics, 29(12), 1583–1590. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138608967271
Åkerstedt, T. (1991). Shift Work and Sleep Disturbances. In Sleep and Health Risk (pp. 265–278). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76034-1_32
Arti, C., & Pati, A. K. (2000). Could Externally Desynchronized Circadian Rhythm Be Resynchronized in Shift Workers? Biological Rhythm Research, 31(2), 160–176. https://doi.org/10.1076/0929-1016(200004)31:2;1-U;FT160
Aschoff, Jü. (1978). Features of Circadian Rhythms Relevant for the Design of Shift Schedules. Ergonomics, 21(10), 739–754. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140137808931777
Asmara, G., & Baniswati. (2020). Hukum Keimigrasian (Sarkawi, Ed.). Pustaka Bangsa.
Austin, L. L., Liu, B. F., & Jin, Y. (2014). Examining signs of recovery: How senior crisis communicators define organizational crisis recovery. Public Relations Review, 40(5), 844–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.06.003
Bjerner, B., Holm, A., & Swensson, A. (1955). Diurnal Variation in Mental Performance: A Study of Three-shift Workers. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 12(2), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.12.2.103
Boivin, D. B., Boudreau, P., & Kosmadopoulos, A. (2022). Disturbance of the Circadian System in Shift Work and Its Health Impact. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 37(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/07487304211064218
Browne, R. C. (1949). The Day and Night Performance of Teleprinter Switchboard Operators. Occupational Psychology, 23, 121–126.
Buzzanell, P. M. (2018). Organizing resilience as adaptive-transformational tensions. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 46(1), 14–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2018.1426711
Chamlee-Wright, E., & Storr, V. H. (2011). Social Capital as Collective Narratives and Post-Disaster Community Recovery. The Sociological Review, 59(2), 266–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2011.02008.x
Constitution of the World Health Organization (2006).
Folkard, S. (1990). Circadian performance rhythms: some practical and theoretical implications. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences, 327(1241), 543–553. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1990.0097
Folkard, S., & Monk, T. H. (1979). Shiftwork and Performance. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 21(4), 483–492. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872087902100410
Folkard, S., & Monk, T. H. (1985). Hours of Work: Temporal Factors in Work Scheduling. Wiley.
Folkard, S., & Tucker, P. (2003). Shift work, safety and productivity. Occupational Medicine, 53(2), 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqg047
Frandsen, F., & Johansen, W. (2016). Organizational Crisis Communication: A Multivocal Approach. Sage.
French, S. L., & Holden, T. Q. (2012). Positive Organizational Behavior: A Buffer for Bad News. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 75(2), 208–220. https://doi.org/10.2308/bria-50651
Frese, M., & Harwich, C. (1984). Shiftwork and the Length and Quality of Sleep. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 26(8), 561–566.
Fröberg, J. E., Karlsson, C.-G., Levi, L., & Lidberg, L. (1975). Circadian rhythms of catecholamine excretion, shooting range performance and self-ratings of fatigue during sleep deprivation. Biological Psychology, 2(3), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(75)90018-6
Glenville, M., Broughton, R., Wing, A. M., & Wilkinson, R. T. (1978). Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Short Duration Performance Measures Compared to the Wilkinson Auditory Vigilance Task. Sleep, 1(2), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/1.2.169
Grunig, J. E. (2011). Public Relations and strategic management: Istitutionalizing organization-public relationshoips ins comtemporary society. Central European Journal of Communication, 1, 11–31.
Gupta, S., & Pati, A. K. (1994). Characteristics of Circadian Rhythm in Six Variables of Morning Active and Evening Active Healthy Human Subjects. Indian Journal of Physiological Pharmacology, 38(2), 101–107.
Harrington, J. M. (1994). Shift Work and Health: a Critical Review of the Literature on Working Hours. Annals of the Academy of Medicine of Singapore, 23(5), 699–705.
Hildebrandt, G., Rohmert, W., & Rutenfranz, J. (1974). 12 and 24 hours Rhythms in error frequency of locomotive drivers and the influence of tiredness. International Journal of Chronobiology, 2(2), 80–175.
Koller, M., Kundi, M., & Cervinka, R. (1978). Field Studies of Shift Work at an Austrian Oil Refinery I: Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing of Workers who Drop Out of Shiftwork. Ergonomics, 21(10), 835–847. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140137808931787
Kuntz, J. R. C., Malinen, S., & Näswall, K. (2017). Employee resilience: Directions for resilience development. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 69(3), 223–242. https://doi.org/10.1037/cpb0000097
Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011a). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.07.001
Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011b). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.07.001
Leso, V., Fontana, L., Caturano, A., Vetrani, I., Fedele, M., & Iavicoli, I. (2021). Impact of Shift Work and Long Working Hours on Worker Cognitive Functions: Current Evidence and Future Research Needs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6540. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126540
Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological Capital: Investing and Developing Positive Organizational Behavior. In Positive Organizational Behavior (pp. 9–24). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446212752.n2
Malinen, K., Kinnunen, U., Tolvanen, A., Rönkä, A., Wierda-Boer, H., & Gerris, J. (2010). Happy Spouses, Happy Parents? Family Relationships Among Finnish and Dutch Dual Earners. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(2), 293–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00700.x
Mallak, L. A. (1998). Measuring resilience in health care provider organizations. Health Manpower Management, 24(4), 148–152. https://doi.org/10.1108/09552069810215755
Nealley, M. A., & Gawron, V. J. (2015). The Effect of Fatigue on Air Traffic Controllers. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 25(1), 14–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2015.981488
Olsson, E. (2014). Crisis Communication in Public Organisations: Dimensions of Crisis Communication Revisited. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 22(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12047
Pati, A. K., Arti Chandrawanshi, & Alain Reinberg. (2001). Shift Work: Consequences and Management. Current Science, 81(1), 32–52.
Pati, A. K., Chandrawanshi, A., & Reinberg, A. (2001). Shift work: Consequences and management. Current Science, 81(1), 32–52.
Pati, A. K., & Gupta, S. (1994). Desynchronization of Circadian Rhythms in a Group of Shift Working Nurses: Effects of Pattern of Shift Rotation. Journal of Human Ergoloy, 23, 121–131.
Phillips, B., Magan, L., Gerhardstein, C., & Cecil, B. (1991). Shift Work, Sleep Quality, and Worker Health. Southern Medical Journal, 84(10), 1176–1196. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199110000-00005
Reinberg, A., Vieux, N., & Andlauer, P. (1980, May 12). Night and Shift Work: Biological and Social Aspects. Fifth International Symposium on Night and Shift Work?: Scientific Committee on Shift Work of the Permanent Commission and International Association on Occupational Health.
Rodríguez-Sánchez, A., Guinot, J., Chiva, R., & López-Cabrales, Á. (2021). How to emerge stronger: Antecedents and consequences of organizational resilience. Journal of Management & Organization, 27(3), 442–459. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.5
Sande Junior, P. (2020). Selective Policy Imigrasi Indonesia terhadap Orang Asing dari Negara Calling Visa. In Indonesian Perspective (Vol. 5, Issue 1).
Siebenaler, M. J., & McGovern, P. M. (1991). Shiftwork: Consequences and Considerations. AAOHN Journal, 39(12), 558–567. https://doi.org/10.1177/216507999103901203
Smolensky, M. H., Paustenbach, D. T., & Scheving, L. E. (1985). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Biological Responses (Vol. 3). John Wiley & Sons.
Sutcliffe, K. M., & Vogus, T. J. (2003). Organizing for Resilience. In Positive Organizational Scholarship: Foundations of a New Discipline (pp. 94–110). Berrett-Koehle.
Tepas, D., Johnson, L. C., & Colquhoun, W. P. (1981). Biological Rhythms, Sleep and Shift Wok (Advaces in Sleep Research) (1st ed.). Springer.
Tilley, A. J., Wilkinson, R. T., Warren, P. S. G., Watson, B., & Drud, M. (1982). The Sleep and Performance of Shift Workers. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 24(6), 629–641. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872088202400601
Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient Individuals use Positive Emotions to Bounce Back from Negative Emotional Experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320–333.
van der Vegt, G. S., Essens, P., Wahlström, M., & George, G. (2015). Managing Risk and Resilience. Academy of Management Journal, 58(4), 971–980. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.4004
Vercio, C., Loo, L. K., Green, M., Kim, D. I., & Beck Dallaghan, G. L. (2021). Shifting Focus from Burnout and Wellness toward Individual and Organizational Resilience. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 33(5), 568–576. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2021.1879651
Vida?ek, S., Kaliterna, L., RadoŠevi?-Vida?ek, B., & Folkard, S. (1986). Productivity on a weekly rotating shift system: circadian adjustment and sleep deprivation effects? Ergonomics, 29(12), 1583–1590. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138608967271
