Review: Sintesis Senyawa Turunan Dari ?-Amino Alkohol Yang Memiliki Potensi Aktivitas Antibakteri
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v4i9.4767Keywords:
sintesis, b amino, alkoholAbstract
?-Amino alkohol merupakan senyawa organik yang mengandung gugus amino dan hidroksil pada posisi ? terhadap satu sama lain, dan diketahui memiliki potensi sebagai agen antibakteri. Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah terbatasnya informasi sistematis mengenai hubungan struktur-aktivitas senyawa turunan ?-amino alkohol dan metode sintesis optimal untuk menghasilkan senyawa dengan aktivitas antibakteri yang tinggi. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis berbagai metode sintesis turunan ?-amino alkohol, mengevaluasi potensi aktivitas antibakteri berdasarkan parameter zona hambat dan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM), serta mengidentifikasi hubungan struktur-aktivitas untuk pengembangan kandidat antibakteri baru. Metode penelitian menggunakan systematic review dengan pendekatan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) melalui pencarian literatur pada basis data Perpustakaan Online Universitas Indonesia, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Wiley Journal, dan The Royal Society of Chemistry menggunakan kata kunci "synthesis of ?-amino alcohol", "?-amino alcohol", "antimicrobial", "antibacterial", dan "?-amino alcohol derivatives". Dari 244 artikel yang ditemukan, 4 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri senyawa hasil sintesis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sintesis turunan ?-amino alkohol dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai metode seperti pembukaan cincin epoksida, reaksi Mannich, pembentukan basa Schiff, dan reduksi asimetris dengan yield berkisar 68-96%. Senyawa dengan substituen seperti fenil piperazin, imidazol, serta gugus aromatik menunjukkan aktivitas signifikan terhadap bakteri Gram positif (S. aureus, B. subtilis) dan Gram negatif (E. coli, P. aeruginosa) dengan nilai KHM terendah 15,6 µg/mL pada senyawa 1-fenil-2-[(1-fenilpropil)amino]propan-1-ol terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa desain struktur kimia yang tepat, terutama keberadaan sistem aromatik dan gugus donor elektron yang kuat, dapat meningkatkan potensi antibakteri senyawa turunan ?-amino alkohol dan mendukung pengembangan lebih lanjut sebagai kandidat antibakteri baru untuk mengatasi resistensi antimikroba.
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