Evaluasi Tata Kelola Mangrove di Air Telang, Banyuasin: Antara Kebijakan Formal dan Praktik Lokal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v4i9.4863Keywords:
Bauran kebijakan, Pengelolaan bersama adaptif, Pengelolaan pesisir berkelanjutan, Tata kelola kolaboratif, Tata kelola mangroveAbstract
Hutan Lindung Air Telang (HLAT) di Kabupaten Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan, merupakan salah satu kawasan mangrove strategis di Indonesia yang berfungsi sebagai penyangga ekologi, sumber penghidupan masyarakat, serta penyerap karbon biru. Namun, kawasan ini menghadapi tekanan serius berupa konversi lahan menjadi tambak dan perkebunan, konflik tenurial, serta lemahnya penegakan hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi tata kelola mangrove di HLAT dengan menekankan hubungan antara kebijakan formal dan praktik lokal. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui analisis dokumen, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara mendalam dengan para pemangku kepentingan, serta validasi melalui triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara kebijakan nasional yang menargetkan rehabilitasi mangrove dalam kerangka SDGs dan NDC, dengan praktik masyarakat lokal yang cenderung berorientasi pada kebutuhan ekonomi jangka pendek. Masyarakat pesisir memainkan peran sentral, baik melalui perikanan tradisional, pengembangan tambak, maupun pemanfaatan hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK). Sementara itu, sektor swasta memberi dampak ganda: membuka lapangan kerja sekaligus mempercepat degradasi ekosistem. Fragmentasi kebijakan dan lemahnya koordinasi antar-lembaga semakin memperburuk kondisi di lapangan. Diskusi teoretis menunjukkan bahwa kerangka policy mix, tata kelola kolaboratif, dan pengelolaan bersama adaptif relevan untuk memahami dinamika HLAT. Rekomendasi kebijakan meliputi: memperkuat koherensi instrumen regulatif, ekonomi, dan informasi; memperluas insentif berbasis karbon biru; membentuk forum kolaborasi lintas-aktor; serta mengintegrasikan kebijakan lingkungan dengan pengurangan risiko bencana. Dengan demikian, HLAT berpotensi menjadi model tata kelola mangrove berkelanjutan yang mampu menjembatani target nasional dengan kebutuhan lokal.
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