Guava Leaf Extract and Polyvinylpyrrolidone Hydrogel for Rabbit Oral Wounds
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Wounds, caused by trauma, surgery, or accidents, can disrupt tissue integrity. A common complication in maxillofacial surgery is wound dehiscence. The combination of guava leaf (Psidium guajava Linn.) ethanol extract and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogel is expected to accelerate oral mucosal wound healing by enhancing fibroblast proliferation, epithelialization, and VEGF levels, while reducing IL-6 levels. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination gel of guava leaf ethanol extract and PVP hydrogel in accelerating oral mucosal wound healing. This experimental study used 28 rabbits divided into four groups: Group 1 (sutured wound + combination gel), Group 2 (unsutured wound + combination gel), Group 3 (sutured wound + placebo), and Group 4 (unsutured wound + placebo). A standardized incisional wound was created on the gingiva, and the gel was applied twice daily. Histopathological analysis was performed on days 3 and 14 to assess fibroblast count, epithelialization, VEGF, and IL-6 levels. The treatment group showed significantly higher fibroblast counts (64.50 ± 4.43 vs. 55.67 ± 4.04; p = 0.041), enhanced epithelialization, increased VEGF levels, and a 25% reduction in IL-6 levels on day 3 compared to controls. These findings support the gel's role in accelerating wound healing through angiogenesis and inflammation control. The combination of guava leaf ethanol extract and PVP hydrogel is a promising innovative therapy for accelerating wound healing, particularly in chronic or difficult-to-heal wounds, with minimal risk of excessive inflammation and scar tissue formation.
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