Tingkat Pengetahuan Avian Influenza Subtipe H5N1 pada Peternak Unggas di Kabupaten Tabanan Bali
Main Article Content
Avian influenza subtipe H5N1 merupakan penyakit zoonotik yang masih menjadi ancaman kesehatan masyarakat, terutama pada kelompok peternak unggas yang memiliki kontak langsung dengan hewan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan peternak unggas di Kabupaten Tabanan, Bali, mengenai avian influenza subtipe H5N1 yang meliputi transmisi penyakit dari unggas ke manusia, gejala penyakit pada manusia, upaya pencegahan, serta penatalaksanaan penyakit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuesioner yang dilaksanakan pada Mei–November 2025. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 96 peternak unggas yang dipilih menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner cetak dan digital, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan program SPSS versi 26.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar peternak memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup baik mengenai gejala dan penatalaksanaan avian influenza, namun masih terdapat kesenjangan pengetahuan terutama pada aspek pencegahan dan transmisi penyakit. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa meskipun praktik pencegahan di lapangan sudah cukup baik, peningkatan edukasi dan penyuluhan yang berkelanjutan tetap diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman komprehensif peternak unggas terhadap avian influenza subtipe H5N1.
Keywords:
avian influenza H5N1, tingkat pengetahuan, peternak unggas, zoonosis, Tabanan Bali
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Anderson, T., Capua, I., Dauphin, G., Donis, R., Fouchier, R., Mumford, E., ... & Thiermann, A. (2010). FAO-OIE-WHO Joint Technical Consultation on Avian Influenza at the Human-Animal Interface. Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 4, 1-29.
Asnawi, A., Ridwan M., Nurlaelah S., Amrawaty A. A., Baba S., Kasim K. (2023). Profile of The Poultry System and The Socioeconomic Impact of Native Chickens as A Potential Development Area in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Animal Production Science, 63(17), 1791-1803. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN22406
Bandou, R., Hirose, R., Nakaya, T., Miyazaki, H., Watanabe, N., Yoshida, T., Daidoji, T., Itoh, Y., & Ikegaya, H. (2022). Higher Viral Stability and Ethanol Resistance of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus on Human Skin. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 28(3), 639–649. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2803.211752
Bhakta Neupane, B., & Giri, B. (n.d.). Current understanding on the Effectiveness of Face Masks and Respirators to Prevent the Spread of Respiratory Viruses.
Bouma, A., Teguh Muljono, A., Jatikusumah, A., Nell, A., Mudjiartiningsih, S., Dharmayanti, I., Sawitri Siregar, E., Claassen, I., Koch, G., Stegeman, J., & Harsono Kav, J. R. (2008). Campaign Management Unit, Directorate of Animal Health. In Bbalitvet, Jl R.E. Martadinata (Vol. 27, Issue 3).
Charostad, J., Rukerd, M. R. Z., Mahmoudvand, S., Bashash, D., Hashemi, S. M. A., Nakhaie, M., & Zandi, K. (2023). A comprehensive review of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1: an imminent threat at doorstep. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 55, 102638.
Chiu, N. C., Chi, H., Tai, Y. L., Peng, C. C., Tseng, C. Y., Chen, C. C., Tan, B. F., & Lin, C. Y. (2020). Impact of wearing masks, hand hygiene, and social distancing on influenza, enterovirus, and all-cause pneumonia during the coronavirus pandemic: Retrospective national epidemiological surveillance study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8). https://doi.org/10.2196/21257
Collins, A. P., Service, B. C., Gupta, S., Mubarak, N., Zeini, I. M., Osbahr, D. C., & Romeo, A. A. (2021). N95 respirator and surgical mask effectiveness against respiratory viral illnesses in the healthcare setting: a systematic review and meta?analysis. JACEP Open, 2(5), e12582.
Eoh, B. R. S., Lainsamputty, J. M., & Jesajas, H. (2024). Motivasi Peternak Dalam Beternak Ayam Kampung Di Pulau Moa Kecamatan Moa Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya. Kalwedo Sains (KASA), 5(2), 110-120.
Febrianto N., Akhiroh P., Helmi M., Hartono B. (2023). Effects of Partnership Patterns on Broiler Chickens’ Performance in The Agribusiness System of Indonesia. Journal of World’s Poultry Research, 13(3), 332-341. https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.36
Focosi, D., & Maggi, F. (2024). Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) and Prepandemic Candidate Vaccines: State of the Art. In International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Vol. 25, Issue 15). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158550
Galie, A., Ojango J. M. K., Farnworth C. R., Jumba H., Roeven L., Marshall K. (2025). Building Gender Considerations into Livestock Breeding in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Frontiers Animal Science, Section Animal Breeding and Genetics (Vol. 6). https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2025.1511992
Ikhsan, H. M. (2021). Avian Influenza Antibody Titer Of Laying Hens in Production Phase At District Penebel Tabanan Regency. Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology, 2(2), 26. https://doi.org/10.20473/javest.v2.i2.2021.26-30
Islam, A., Islam, M., Dutta, P., Rahman, M. A., Al Mamun, A., Khan, A. D., ... & Shirin, T. (2024). Association of biosecurity and hygiene practices with avian influenza A/H5 and A/H9 virus infections in turkey farms. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 11, 1319618.
Islam, A., Rahman, M. Z., Hassan, M. M., Epstein, J. H., & Klaassen, M. (2024). Farm biosecurity practices affecting avian influenza virus circulation in commercial chicken farms in Bangladesh. One Health, 18, 100681.
Javanian, M., Barary, M., Ghebrehewet, S., Koppolu, V., Vasigala, V. K. R., & Ebrahimpour, S. (2021). A brief review of influenza virus infection. In Journal of Medical Virology (Vol. 93, Issue 8, pp. 4638–4646). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26990
Jiang, Y., Zhong, D., Han, Y., Zhou, Y., & Zhou, H. (2025). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding avian influenza among poultry farmers near migratory bird habitats in Guidong County, China. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1618292.
Kanaujia, R., Bora, I., Ratho, R. K., Thakur, V., Mohi, G. K., & Thakur, P. (2022a). Avian influenza revisited: concerns and constraints. In VirusDisease (Vol. 33, Issue 4, pp. 456–465). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-022-00800-z
Kanaujia, R., Bora, I., Ratho, R. K., Thakur, V., Mohi, G. K., & Thakur, P. (2022b). Avian influenza revisited: concerns and constraints. In VirusDisease (Vol. 33, Issue 4, pp. 456–465). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-022-00800-z
Kurniawati, D., Charmelya, E. N., Tangkas, H. H., Angeliana, P., Panjaitan, P., Studi, P., Farmasi, S., & Mulia, S. (2022). Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Swamedikasi Batuk Pilek Mahasiswa Farmasi Angkatan 2019 Universitas Sari Mulia dengan Metode TPB. FARMASIS: Jurnal Sains Farmasi, 3(2).
LEMY, D. M., NURSIANA, A., & PRAMONO, R. (2020). Destination Loyalty Towards Bali. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(12), 501–508. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO12.501
López Salinas, V., Ferreira Rodríguez, V., Scherpenisse Duarte, D., Castillo Del Villar, V., Kimura Sandoval, M., & Tala Saieg, J. (2024). Recomendaciones para la prevención de la influenza. Revista Confluencia, 7. https://doi.org/10.52611/confluencia.2024.1126
Mackenzie, J. S., & Jeggo, M. (2019). The one health approach-why is it so important? In Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (Vol. 4, Issue 2). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4020088
Nainggolan, A. S., Tangkere, E. S., Leke, J. R., Sompie, M., & Sompie, F. N. (n.d.). Penerapan biosekuriti pada peternakan ayam broiler di desa Warisa Kampung Baru.
Nuñez, I. A., & Ross, T. M. (2019). A review of H5Nx avian influenza viruses. In Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy (Vol. 7). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515135518821625
Palada E., Alde E., Delantar R. (2020). Effect of Training on Knowledge Level of Farmers About Commercial Poultry and Table Egg Production. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 13(6), 646-653. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2020/v013i06/148985
Parvin, R., Nooruzzaman, M., Kabiraj, C. K., Begum, J. A., Chowdhury, E. H., Islam, M. R., & Harder, T. (2020). Controlling avian influenza virus in Bangladesh: Challenges and recommendations. In Viruses (Vol. 12, Issue 7). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070751
