Analisis Putusan MK Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 terhadap Demokrasi Tahun 2024 di Indonesia
Main Article Content
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh dinamika hubungan antara demokrasi dan supremasi hukum dalam konteks Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 yang berdampak signifikan terhadap penyelenggaraan Pemilu Tahun 2024 di Indonesia. Putusan tersebut memunculkan perdebatan terkait batas kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi, khususnya dalam menguji norma yang termasuk kebijakan hukum terbuka, serta implikasinya terhadap prinsip keadilan dan kesetaraan dalam demokrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara demokrasi dan konstitusi serta mengkaji implikasi putusan tersebut terhadap sistem pemilu dan kualitas demokrasi di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan non-hukum yang relevan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Putusan MK No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 tidak hanya mengubah norma hukum terkait batas usia calon presiden dan wakil presiden, tetapi juga menimbulkan persoalan mengenai konsistensi putusan, legitimasi demokratis, serta independensi kekuasaan kehakiman. Putusan ini berdampak langsung pada konfigurasi politik, termasuk membuka ruang pencalonan figur tertentu dalam kontestasi pemilu. Kesimpulannya, meskipun secara formal putusan tersebut sah dan mengikat, namun secara substantif berpotensi melemahkan kualitas demokrasi apabila tidak diimbangi dengan konsistensi hukum dan integritas lembaga peradilan.
Keywords:
Mahkamah Konstitusi, Demokrasi, Judicial Review, Pemilu 2024, Supremasi Hukum
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Saragih, M. K., & Bratamanggala, R. (2000). Ilmu Negara (4th ed.). Gaya Media Pratama.
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Shapiro, M. (1981). Courts: A Comparative and Political Analysis. University of Chicago Press.
Siregar, F. E. (2015). Indonesia Constitutional Court Constitutional Interpretation Methodology (2003–2008). Constitutional Review, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev11
Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2015). Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu tinjauan singkat (Ed. rev.). Rajawali Pers.
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Ahyawati, D. P. (2023). Comparative Presidential’s Role, System and Constitutional Practice Between Indonesia and South Korea. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2023.23.1.352
Ali, M. M., Hilipito, M. R., & Asy’ari, S. (2015). Tindak Lanjut Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang Bersifat Konstitusional Bersyarat Serta Memuat Norma Baru. Jurnal Konstitusi, 12(3), 631–662.
Aris, M. S. (2023). The Blockchain-Based On E-Voting In The Local Elections System: An Effort To Realize E-Democracy. Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.26532/jph.v10i1.22811
Asshiddiqie, J. (2006). Pengantar Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia. Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan MK RI.
Bickel, A. M. (1962). The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the bar of politics. Yale University Press.
Budiardjo, M. (2008). Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Politik (Edisi revisi). Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Butt, S., & Lindsey, T. (2018). Indonesian Law. Oxford University Press.
Cahyono, A., Iftitah, A., Hidayatullah, A. R., Yuliastuti, E., & Susetiyo, W. (2023). Analisis Kritis terhadap Penerapan Presidential Threshold dalam Pemilihan Umum 2024: Perspektif Hukum Normatif di Indonesia. Jurnal Supremasi, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.35457/supremasi.v13i2.3041
Chandra Sy, H. (2023). Constitutional Design Of Village Head’s Term Of Office After Constitutional Court Decision. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v12i1.1105
Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Lindberg, S. I., Skaaning, S.-E., Teorell, J., Altman, D., Andersson, F., Bernhard, M., Fish, M. S., Glynn, A., Hicken, A., Knutsen, C. H., Marquardt, K. L., McMann, K., Mechkova, V., Paxton, P., Pemstein, D., Sigman, R., Staton, J., & Zimmerman, B. (2020). Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project Report 2020. University of Gothenburg. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds20
Dahl, R. A. (1971). Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. Yale University Press.
Dahl, R. A. (1989). Democracy and Its Critics. Yale University Press.
Diamond, L. (2015). Facing Up to the Democratic Recession. Journal of Democracy, 26(1), 141–155. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2015.0009
Dworkin, R. (1996). Freedom’s Law: The Moral Reading of The American Constitution. Harvard University Press.
Efendi, J., & Ibrahim, J. (2018). Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris. Prenadamedia Group.
Ely, J. W. (1980). Democracy and Distrust: A Theory of Judicial Review. Harvard University Press.
Faiz, P. M., Isra, S., & Agustine, O. V. (2023). Strengthening Indonesia’s Regional Representative Council Through Judicial Review by the Constitutional Court. SAGE Open, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231204408
Fernando, Z. J. (2022). Telaah Pasal Penghinaan Terhadap Presiden Dan Wakil Presiden Di Indonesia. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v11i1.826
Ghafur, J. (2023). Demokratisasi Internal Partai Politik Era Reformasi: Antara Das Sollen dan Das Sein. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol30.iss1.art1
Ginsburg, T. (2003). Judicial Review In New Democracies: Constitutional Courts In Asian Cases. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511511189
Hantoro, B. F. (2023). Originalisme dan Syarat Keserentakan Pemilu dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Undang: Jurnal Hukum, 6(1), 33–64. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.6.1.33-64
Held, D. (2006). Models of Democracy (3rd ed.). Stanford University Press.
Hirschl, R. (2004). Towards Juristocracy: The Origins and Consequences of The New Constitutionalism. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674038639
Ibrahim, J. (2006). Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Bayumedia Publishing.
Irwansyah. (2023). Penggunaan Surat Edaran Sebagai Tindak Lanjut Atas Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2023.V23.000-000
Isra, S. (2010). Pergeseran Fungsi Legislasi. Rajawali Pers.
Kelsen, H. (1945). General Theory of Law and State. Harvard University Press.
Levitsky, S., & Ziblatt, D. (2018). How Democracies Die. Crown.
Marzuki, P. M. (2017). Penelitian Hukum (Edisi revisi). Kencana.
Mietzner, M. (2018). Political Conflict and Democratic Consolidation in Indonesia: The Role of the Constitutional Court. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 48(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2017.1370644
Noer, D. (1983). Pengantar ke Pemikiran Politik. CV. Rajawali.
Paramitasari, Y. D. (2023). Dampak Pelaksanaan Presidential Threshold pada Pemilu Serentak terhadap Demokrasi di Indonesia. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v5i1.%p
Pepinsky, T. B. (2025). Cleavages, institutions, and democracy in Indonesia: The 2024 elections in comparative perspective. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 10(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034251349467
Przeworski, A., Alvarez, M. E., Cheibub, J. A., & Limongi, F. (2000). Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950–1990. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804946
Sabrina, D. F., & Inder, B. (2024). Concentration of Power in Nomination of Presidential Candidates in Indonesia. Politics & Policy, 52(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/20578911231199530
Sambuari, F. (2013). Eksistensi Putusan Judicial Review oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Lex Administratum, 1(2).
Saragih, M. K., & Bratamanggala, R. (2000). Ilmu Negara (4th ed.). Gaya Media Pratama.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Harper & Brothers.
Shapiro, M. (1981). Courts: A Comparative and Political Analysis. University of Chicago Press.
Siregar, F. E. (2015). Indonesia Constitutional Court Constitutional Interpretation Methodology (2003–2008). Constitutional Review, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev11
Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2015). Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu tinjauan singkat (Ed. rev.). Rajawali Pers.
Treviño, A. J. (2017). General Theory of Law and State. Transaction Publishers.
