Dialektika Otoritas Religius dan Struktur Sosial Guru Kitab Fathul Qorib di Madrasah Diniyah: Studi Kualitatif Perspektif Sosiologi Pendidikan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v5i2.5539Keywords:
Otoritas Religius, Struktur Sosial, Guru Kitab, Fathul Qorib, Madrasah Diniyah, Sosiologi PendidikanAbstract
Penelitian ini membahas dialektika antara otoritas religius dan struktur sosial guru kitab Fathul Qorib di madrasah diniyah dalam perspektif sosiologi pendidikan. Masalah utama penelitian ini adalah bagaimana legitimasi otoritas religius guru terbentuk dan dipertahankan dalam struktur sosial lembaga pendidikan Islam tradisional, serta bagaimana nilai-nilai fiqih klasik diaktualisasikan dalam kehidupan sosial santri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis hubungan timbal balik antara otoritas religius dan struktur sosial guru kitab dalam konteks pendidikan madrasah diniyah. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologis. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari tiga guru pengampu kitab Fathul Qorib, dua santri senior, dan satu pengasuh madrasah yang dipilih secara purposif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi visual, dengan instrumen panduan wawancara semi-terstruktur dan catatan lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña melalui tiga tahap: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa otoritas religius guru terbentuk melalui kombinasi legitimasi keilmuan, spiritualitas, dan moralitas yang diakui secara kolektif oleh komunitas santri, sementara struktur sosial madrasah bersifat hierarkis namun inklusif dan partisipatif. Guru berperan sebagai mediator nilai yang menjaga keseimbangan antara tradisi dan modernitas melalui pengajaran kitab klasik berbasis nilai sosial. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa dialektika otoritas religius dan struktur sosial menciptakan model pendidikan Islam yang adaptif, partisipatif, serta relevan dengan dinamika sosial kontemporer.
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