Kerangka Tata Kelola, Internasionalisasi, dan Digitalisasi untuk Meningkatkan Reputasi Global Perguruan Tinggi Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v5i3.5657Keywords:
Tata Kelola, Internasionalisasi, Digitalisasi, Pendidikan Tinggi, Peringkat Global, IndonesiaAbstract
Persaingan global antar perguruan tinggi semakin ketat dengan percepatan transformasi digital di perguruan tinggi. Studi sebelumnya sebagian besar menganalisis tata kelola dan internasionalisasi secara terpisah, memberikan perhatian terbatas pada bagaimana digitalisasi menghubungkan dan memperkuat faktor-faktor ini. Kurangnya integrasi ini telah menciptakan kesenjangan penelitian dalam memahami bagaimana kualitas tata kelola, kolaborasi internasional, dan inovasi teknologi bersama-sama mempengaruhi reputasi perguruan tinggi, terutama dalam konteks negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Studi ini mengatasi kesenjangan tersebut dengan mengembangkan dan menguji Model GID (Governance– Internationalization–Digitalization) untuk menjelaskan bagaimana ketiga elemen ini berinteraksi untuk membentuk reputasi kelembagaan. Dengan menggunakan desain eksplanasi berurutan metode campuran, penelitian ini menggabungkan data panel kuantitatif dari sepuluh perguruan tinggi Indonesia (2020–2024) dengan validasi kualitatif dari wawancara dengan pemimpin akademisi. Hasil dari regresi efek tetap dan pemodelan persamaan struktural (SEM) menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola memiliki pengaruh terkuat terhadap reputasi global (? = 0,42, p < 0,001), digitalisasi (? = 0,35, p < 0,01) dan internasionalisasi (? = 0,29, p < 0,05). Digitalisasi juga meningkatkan pengaruh tata kelola, menunjukkan bahwa kematangan digital memperkuat kinerja dan visibilitas kelembagaan. Model GID yang divalidasi memperluas kerangka kerja Universitas Kelas Dunia dengan mengintegrasikan transformasi digital sebagai pendorong utama daya saing. Hal ini secara praktis menawarkan peta jalan bagi pembuat kebijakan dan pemimpin perguruan tinggi untuk merancang sistem tata kelola berbasis data yang mendorong transparansi, inovasi, dan kolaborasi global.
References
Altbach, Philip G, Salmi, J. (2020). World-class universities. In The International Encyclopedia of Higher Education Systems and Institutions (pp. 2761–2767). Springer.
Altbach, P. G., & Salmi, J. (2011). The road to academic excellence: The making of world-class research universities [El camino hacia la excelencia académica: La constitución de universidades de investigación de rango mundial]. World Bank Publications-Books.
Angela Y.. Joshua S., Ka Ho Mok, Chao Yu Guo, (2023), Crafting the Future of International Higher Education in Asia via Systems Change and Innovation, Higher Education in Asia: Quality, Excellence and Governance, Springer
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2008). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315757421
Castro B. (2020). Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic Literature Review, Sensors 2020, 20, 3291; doi:10.3390/s20113291
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Sage. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/designing-and-conducting-mixed-methods-research/book241842
Darryl S. (2019) , Transformations in Higher Education Governance in Asia, Policy, Politics and Progress, Springer
De Wit, H., & Altbach, P. G. (2021). Internationalization in Higher Education: Global Trends and Recommendations for Its Future. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 5, 28-46.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23322969.2020.1820898
Gasmalla, K., Almamoun, O. & Elsiddig, J. A strategic framework for enhancing university rankings based on webometrics criteria: a descriptive-analytical approach. Discov Educ 4, 392 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00797-9
Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2020). Basic econometrics (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on PLS-SEM (3rd ed.). Sage.
Handaru J. (2022). Comparison of Web 2.0 Use on State University Websites in Indonesia and Top World Universities Related to Webometric Ranking. ELINVO (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education), November 2022; vol 7(2): 173-181 ISSN 2580-6424 (printed), ISSN 2477-2399 (online,) DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/elinvo.v7i2.56862
Hazelkorn, E. (2023). Global rankings and the geopolitics of higher education (2nd ed.). Routledg
Hazelkorn, E. (2021). Research Handbook on University Rankings. Edward Elgar Publishing, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788974981.00019
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Kemendikbudristek. (2023). Permendikbudristek No. 53 Tahun 2023 tentang Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Tinggi. Jakarta: Kemdikbudristek. (Regulatory anchor for governance & QA)
Kemendikbudristek/Dirjen Diktiristek. (2024). 4 Tahun Perjalanan Ditjen Diktiristek Mentransformasi Pendidikan Tinggi Indonesia 2019–2024. Jakarta: Kemdiktisaintek. (National digital-gov progress book)
Kemendikbudristek/Dirjen Diktiristek. (2024, Oct 11). Guidelines on GenAI use & MBKM digital transformation (news release & guide launch). (Policy push for AI & digital HE)
Kemdiktiristek. (2023/2024). Program Revitalisasi PTN – Buku Panduan TA 2024. Jakarta: Diktiristek. (Autonomy/PTN-BH pathway & governance).
Kunosi?, S., ?eke, D., & Zerem, E. (2019). Advantages and Disadvantages of the Webometrics Ranking System. IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.87207
Moed, H. F. (2005). Citation analysis in research evaluation. Springer.
OECD. (2023). Digital Education Outlook 2023 – Data and technology governance: Fostering trust in the use of data. Paris: OECD Publishing. (Data governance & trust)
OECD. (2024/2025). Higher education – policy topic hub. Paris: OECD. (Context notes on HE transformation)
Purushottam P. (2025) , Digital Transformation in Higher Education: Innovations, Strategies, and Challenge: Higher Education 4.0: Strategies for digital success (pp.49-56) 1st Ed. Publisher: Dreambook Publishing House, India
QS. (2024). QS World University Rankings – Methodology update (adds sustainability/employability & collaboration indicators). London: QS.
THE (Times Higher Education). (2024/2025). World University Rankings 2025 – Methodology (WUR 3.0). London: THE. (Five pillars: Teaching, Research Environment, Research Quality, International Outlook, Industry)
UNESCO. (2024). Digital learning and transformation of education (Global policy portal). Paris: UNESCO.
IITE & GSENet. (2024). Global Understanding of Smart Education in the Context of Digital Transformation (Annual report). Paris/Beijing: UNESCO IITE & BNU.
Webometrics (CSIC). (2024/2025). Webometrics Ranking – Methodology (Openness, Transparency, Excellence, Visibility). Madrid: Cybermetrics Lab, CSIC.
Yuki Watabe. (2021), Developing a manageable system of internationalization indicators for universities in Asia, International Journal of Comparative Education and Development Emerald Publishing Limited 2396-7404 DOI 10.1108/IJCED-11-2020-008
Ziane M. (2025), Reimagining University Governance in the Digital Age: The Case of Tissemsilt University, Finance and Business Economics Review, Vol.9, No.3, September 2025, pp. 140-156 DOI : 10.58205/fber.v9i3.2014
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafidudin Hafidudin, Agus Rahayu, Syamsul Hadi Senen, Alfira Sofia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
