Simulasi Pengaruh Cofiring Biomassa Sawdust pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap terhadap Kinerja Sistem Pembakaran dan Efisiensi Boiler Menggunakan Aplikasi Simulasi Gate Cycle
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PLTU berbahan bakar batubara masih berperan penting dalam pemenuhan listrik nasional di tengah transisi energi, meskipun menghadapi tantangan ketersediaan bahan bakar, kualitas batubara, harga, dan dampak lingkungan. Sebagai upaya mendukung bauran energi nasional dan penurunan emisi, pemerintah mendorong penerapan cofiring biomassa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh cofiring biomassa jenis sawdust terhadap kinerja sistem pembakaran dan efisiensi boiler pada PLTU Suralaya Unit 5. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif melalui simulasi permodelan off-design menggunakan aplikasi GateCycle. Simulasi dilakukan pada empat skenario beban pembangkit, yaitu 378 MW, 432 MW, 486 MW, dan 540 MW, dengan komposisi campuran biomassa sebesar 0% hingga 10%. Parameter utama yang dianalisis meliputi coal flow, total air flow, dan efisiensi boiler akibat perubahan nilai kalor campuran batubara dan biomassa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan persentase biomassa menurunkan nilai kalor campuran bahan bakar, sehingga menyebabkan kenaikan kebutuhan coal flow dan udara pembakaran, serta menurunkan efisiensi boiler. Pada beban 378 MW, 432 MW, dan 486 MW, cofiring biomassa hingga 10% masih layak secara operasional karena coal flow tetap berada di bawah batas pulverizer. Namun, pada beban maksimum 540 MW, cofiring tidak direkomendasikan karena kebutuhan coal flow melampaui batas desain 380 ton/jam, sehingga memerlukan derating atau bahan bakar dengan nilai kalor lebih tinggi. Kesimpulannya, cofiring sawdust dapat diterapkan secara efektif pada beban menengah, tetapi pada beban penuh diperlukan pembatasan operasi agar kestabilan pembakaran dan kinerja boiler tetap terjaga.
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