Infeksi pada Lanjut Usia: Epidemiologi, Risiko, dan Pendekatan Klinis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v5i5.5811Keywords:
infeksi geriatri, imunosenesens, sepsis, faktor risiko, antimicrobial stewardshipAbstract
Infeksi merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas, mortalitas, dan rawat inap pada populasi lanjut usia. Peningkatan usia harapan hidup menyebabkan proporsi individu ?65 tahun dengan multimorbiditas dan kerentanan terhadap infeksi semakin tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif epidemiologi, faktor risiko, patofisiologi, manifestasi klinis, serta pendekatan diagnosis, tatalaksana, dan pencegahan infeksi pada pasien geriatri. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelaah berbagai publikasi ilmiah terkait infeksi pada lanjut usia di berbagai setting pelayanan kesehatan, termasuk komunitas, rumah sakit, dan fasilitas perawatan jangka panjang. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa infeksi yang paling umum pada lanjut usia meliputi pneumonia, infeksi saluran kemih, sepsis, serta infeksi kulit dan jaringan lunak. Faktor risiko utama mencakup imunosenesens, inflamaging, malnutrisi, frailty, komorbiditas kronik, serta paparan lingkungan medis seperti penggunaan alat invasif dan antibiotik spektrum luas. Manifestasi klinis sering bersifat atipikal sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan keterlambatan diagnosis. Tatalaksana memerlukan pendekatan individual dengan mempertimbangkan perubahan farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamik pada lanjut usia, serta pentingnya antimicrobial stewardship. Kesimpulannya, infeksi pada geriatri merupakan kondisi kompleks yang memerlukan pendekatan multidisiplin, deteksi dini, serta strategi pencegahan yang komprehensif guna menurunkan beban penyakit dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Safitri Indah Masithah, Muhammad Rifqo Hafidzudin Farid, Tri Pudy Asmarawati, Erika Marfiani, Andi Ratna Kartika Maharani, Nabilah Nabilah, Dananti Kusumawindani
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