Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga Sebagai Alasan Perceraian dalam Hukum Islam: Analisis Yuridis-Normatif Berbasis Maqasid Al-Syari‘Ah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v5i5.5849Keywords:
KDRT, cerai gugat, hukum Islam, maqasid al-syari‘ah, mubadalahAbstract
Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) merupakan persoalan struktural yang mencederai relasi sakinah, mawaddah, wa rahmah dalam pernikahan. Meskipun Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 telah memberikan definisi luas atas KDRT, Pasal 116 Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) yang menjadi rujukan Pengadilan Agama tidak menyebut KDRT secara eksplisit—menimbulkan kesenjangan normatif yang berdampak pada disparitas putusan. Artikel ini mengkaji legitimasi KDRT sebagai alasan perceraian dalam hukum Islam menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif dan analisis maqasid al-syari‘ah. Metode penelitian adalah doktrinal dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan maqasid. Bahan hukum primer mencakup Al-Qur’an, hadis, KHI, serta UU No. 23 Tahun 2004; bahan sekunder berupa kitab tafsir, fatwa, dan jurnal akademik terindeks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga temuan utama. Pertama, reinterpretasi Q.S. An-Nisa’ [4]: 34 dengan paradigma mubadalah dan kontekstualisasi nushuz menolak legitimasi kekerasan terhadap istri. Kedua, seluruh tipologi KDRT pada Pasal 5 UU PKDRT secara substantif memenuhi rumusan Pasal 116 huruf (d) dan (f) KHI sebagai alasan perceraian. Ketiga, dari perspektif maqasid, KDRT melanggar lima tujuan syariat (al-daruriyyat al-khams) sehingga cerai gugat berfungsi sebagai instrumen daf‘ al-darar. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan harmonisasi hukum antara UU PKDRT dengan KHI melalui penerbitan SEMA/PERMA serta penguatan pedoman teknis bagi hakim Pengadilan Agama dalam menilai bukti KDRT.
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