Peran Kepemimpinan Transformasional dalam Membangun Iklim Keselamatan yang Efektif: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis Model Konseptual
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Cedera kerja masih menimbulkan beban besar bagi pekerja dan perusahaan di banyak negara. Di antara faktor yang membentuk iklim keselamatan, gaya kepemimpinan kian menarik perhatian peneliti. Kepemimpinan transformasional dinilai paling relevan, tetapi bagaimana keempat dimensinya membangun iklim keselamatan, dan apa saja jembatan di antaranya, masih tersebar di banyak studi tanpa kerangka pemersatu. Tinjauan ini merangkum bukti empiris maupun konseptual tentang hubungan kepemimpinan transformasional dengan iklim keselamatan, mengenali variabel mediasi dan moderasi yang dominan, lalu menawarkan model konseptual yang utuh. Analisis dilakukan melalui sintesis tematik, pemetaan konseptual, dan analisis komparatif. Empat dimensi transformasional tidak memberi pengaruh setara. Inspirational motivation dan idealized influence menunjukkan asosiasi paling kuat dan paling sering berulang, sedangkan individualized consideration dan intellectual stimulation cenderung selektif tergantung konteks. Tiga mediator berulang muncul: komunikasi keselamatan, kepercayaan, dan motivasi keselamatan. Adapun budaya organisasi, beban kerja, dan tekanan produksi berperan memoderasi hubungan. Pada industri dengan tekanan produksi tinggi, pengaruh kepemimpinan terlihat melemah. Kepemimpinan transformasional ikut membentuk iklim keselamatan, tetapi besar pengaruhnya bergantung pada konteks. Model konseptual yang diajukan membuka jalan bagi pengujian empiris lanjutan sekaligus menjadi acuan rancangan intervensi K3 berbasis kepemimpinan, khususnya di sektor berisiko tinggi di Indonesia.
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