Analisis Tekno-Ekonomi dan Prospek Strategis Nikel dalam Rantai Pasok Baterai Kendaraan Listrik Global: Implikasi terhadap Transisi Energi dan Mobilitas Berkelanjutan
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Peningkatan permintaan kendaraan listrik (Electric Vehicle/EV) secara global telah mendorong kenaikan kebutuhan terhadap baterai lithium-ion berbasis nikel. Indonesia sebagai pemilik cadangan nikel terbesar dunia memiliki peluang strategis untuk memperkuat posisi dalam rantai pasok baterai kendaraan listrik global melalui pengembangan industri hilirisasi berbasis nikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kelayakan tekno-ekonomi pemanfaatan nikel dalam industri baterai kendaraan listrik serta menilai prospek keberlanjutan pemanfaatan cadangan nikel nasional. Penelitian menggunakan metode Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) berbasis simulasi BatPaC dari Argonne National Laboratory dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa material katoda berbasis nikel merupakan komponen biaya terbesar dalam produksi baterai lithium-ion. Simulasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan harga bahan baku nikel dan lithium secara signifikan mempengaruhi keekonomian industri baterai. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengembangan industri baterai berbasis nikel di Indonesia layak secara strategis dan ekonomis untuk mendukung transisi energi nasional.
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