Kesiapan Hukum Indonesia untuk Berpartisipasi dalam Implementasi Area-Based Management Tools Berdasarkan BBNJ Agreement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v5i8.6016Keywords:
BBNJ Agreement, Area-Based Management Tools, Kawasan Konservasi Laut, Indonesia, Kesiapan Hukum NasionalAbstract
BBNJ Agreement memperkenalkan kerangka hukum baru bagi konservasi dan pemanfaatan berkelanjutan keanekaragaman hayati laut di luar yurisdiksi nasional, termasuk melalui area-based management tools (ABMTs) dan kawasan konservasi laut. Namun, kerangka hukum nasional Indonesia masih berorientasi terutama pada wilayah laut di bawah yurisdiksi nasional, sehingga terdapat kesenjangan normatif dan kelembagaan untuk berpartisipasi secara efektif dalam mekanisme ABMTs. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kesiapan hukum Indonesia dalam berpartisipasi pada pembentukan dan implementasi ABMTs berdasarkan BBNJ Agreement serta merumuskan model kesiapan hukum nasional bagi pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan. Bahan hukum yang dianalisis meliputi UNCLOS, BBNJ Agreement, peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia di bidang kelautan dan lingkungan hidup, serta praktik perbandingan dari beberapa negara. Penelitian menemukan bahwa Indonesia telah memiliki kerangka umum tata kelola kelautan, tetapi belum memiliki pengaturan khusus mengenai ABNJ, ABMTs, sumber daya genetik laut, penilaian dampak lingkungan terhadap kegiatan yang berdampak pada ABNJ, dan koordinasi kelembagaan untuk implementasi BBNJ. Karena itu, Indonesia memerlukan mekanisme hukum nasional yang lebih jelas untuk mendukung penilaian ilmiah, partisipasi prosedural internasional, dan koordinasi lintas sektor. Setelah mengesahkan BBNJ Agreement melalui Peraturan Presiden Nomor 67 Tahun 2025, Indonesia perlu membentuk kerangka regulasi pelaksanaan yang menghubungkan kewajiban internasional dengan tata kelola nasional. Kerangka tersebut perlu mengintegrasikan penyelarasan norma, koordinasi kelembagaan, penguatan kapasitas ilmiah dan teknis, partisipasi prosedural internasional, serta mekanisme kepatuhan, pemantauan, dan peninjauan kembali di tingkat nasional.
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