Dari Kerentanan ke Agensi: Solidaritas Perempuan Pengungsi di Negara Transit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v5i8.6044Keywords:
Perempuan Pengungsi, Protection Gap, Politics of Care, Feminisme Transnasional, Interseksional, Agensi KolektifAbstract
Tulisan ini mengkaji bagaimana perempuan pengungsi di negara transit menggunakan komunitas sebagai strategi kolektif untuk bertahan hidup di tengah protection gap dan ketidakpastian hukum yang bersifat struktural. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian feminis berbasis studi literatur kritis, tulisan ini menganalisis empat konteks komparatif—Jakarta (Indonesia), Malaysia, Lebanon, dan Belfast (Irlandia Utara)—untuk menunjukkan bagaimana komunitas perempuan pengungsi berfungsi bukan sekadar sebagai ruang sosial, melainkan sebagai arena politics of care yang mengisi kekosongan negara. Kerangka analisis yang digunakan mencakup feminisme transnasional Mohanty, interseksionalitas Crenshaw, konsep sisterhood bell hooks, dan etika perawatan Tronto untuk membaca solidaritas lintas etnis dan agama sebagai bentuk agensi kolektif. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meski protection gap termanifestasi secara berbeda di setiap konteks—dari partial protection di Indonesia hingga ketiadaan total kerangka hukum di Malaysia—perempuan pengungsi secara konsisten membangun komunitas sebagai mekanisme perlindungan tandingan. Solidaritas yang terbentuk bukan berbasis kesamaan identitas biologis, melainkan kesadaran kolektif atas penindasan struktural bersama. Kajian ini juga mengakui ketegangan internal: solidaritas komunitas pengungsi tidak selalu sempurna dan dapat mereproduksi hierarki patriarkal dari dalam. Tulisan ini berkontribusi pada kajian pengungsi perempuan di Asia Tenggara yang selama ini kurang mendapat perhatian, sekaligus menyuarakan tiga implikasi kebijakan: pengakuan komunitas perempuan pengungsi sebagai aktor perlindungan, desain program yang responsif interseksional, dan agenda riset berbasis lapangan yang melibatkan perempuan pengungsi sebagai mitra kajian.
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