Pengaruh Ketidakseimbangan Muatan, Distorsi Struktur Pasar, dan Digitalisasi Logistik sebagai Penentu Biaya Transportasi Truk melalui Kolaborasi Supply Chain: Bukti Empiris dari Industri Logistik di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v5i8.6048Keywords:
Ketidakseimbangan Muatan, Distorsi Struktur Pasar, Digitalisasi Logistik, Kolaborasi Supply Chain, Biaya Transportasi Truk, SEM-PLSAbstract
Sektor logistik memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung efisiensi rantai pasok nasional, namun industri trucking di Indonesia masih menghadapi tingginya biaya transportasi akibat ketidakseimbangan muatan (empty backhaul), distorsi struktur pasar, serta belum optimalnya implementasi digitalisasi logistik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ketidakseimbangan muatan, distorsi struktur pasar, dan digitalisasi logistik terhadap biaya transportasi truk dengan kolaborasi supply chain sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain explanatory research. Data dikumpulkan dari 203 responden yang berasal dari pelaku industri trucking dan logistik Indonesia melalui kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh konstruk memenuhi kriteria validitas dan reliabilitas, sementara model memiliki kemampuan prediktif yang kuat dengan nilai R² sebesar 0,737 pada variabel biaya transportasi truk. Digitalisasi logistik terbukti menjadi faktor paling dominan dalam meningkatkan kolaborasi supply chain (? = 0,844), yang selanjutnya berkontribusi terhadap penurunan ketidakseimbangan muatan dan peningkatan efisiensi distribusi. Selain itu, distorsi struktur pasar dan ketidakseimbangan muatan juga berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan biaya transportasi truk. Temuan penelitian menegaskan bahwa transformasi digital yang didukung kolaborasi supply chain mampu mengurangi perjalanan kosong, meningkatkan utilisasi armada, serta menekan biaya transportasi. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan trucking perlu mempercepat implementasi teknologi digital, sedangkan pemerintah perlu memperkuat ekosistem logistik digital dan menciptakan struktur pasar yang lebih transparan guna meningkatkan daya saing logistik nasional.
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