Determinan Permintaan Mobil Listrik di Indonesia dan Malaysia: Analisis Data Panel Periode 2022Q1–2025Q4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v5i7.6059Keywords:
Kendaraan Listrik, Permintaan EV, Data Panel, Fixed Effect, Indonesia–MalaysiaAbstract
Transisi energi pada sektor transportasi menjadi agenda penting dalam upaya mengurangi emisi karbon dan mencapai target net zero emission. Kendaraan listrik (electric vehicle/EV) dipandang sebagai solusi strategis, namun tingkat adopsinya masih dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor ekonomi, kebijakan, dan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan permintaan mobil listrik di Indonesia dan Malaysia dengan mempertimbangkan faktor harga EV, harga listrik, harga bahan bakar minyak (BBM), insentif EV, dan jumlah stasiun pengisian kendaraan listrik umum (SPKLU). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data panel triwulanan periode 2022Q1–2025Q4 yang mencakup 32 observasi dari Indonesia dan Malaysia. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan model Fixed Effect untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh masing-masing variabel terhadap permintaan EV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harga EV berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap permintaan EV, sedangkan harga BBM, insentif EV, dan jumlah SPKLU berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Sementara itu, harga listrik tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap permintaan EV. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa keterjangkauan harga kendaraan, dukungan kebijakan fiskal, dan ketersediaan infrastruktur pengisian merupakan faktor utama dalam mendorong adopsi kendaraan listrik. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi kebijakan bagi pemerintah Indonesia dan Malaysia untuk memperkuat strategi percepatan elektrifikasi transportasi melalui kombinasi kebijakan harga, insentif, dan pengembangan infrastruktur.
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