Implementasi qSOFA sebagai Alat Deteksi Dini Sepsis pada Infeksi Akut: Sebuah Literature Review
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Sepsis merupakan kondisi disfungsi organ yang mengancam jiwa akibat respons tubuh yang tidak teregulasi terhadap infeksi dan tetap menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kematian di rumah sakit maupun di unit gawat darurat di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan merangkum bukti ilmiah terkini mengenai implementasi qSOFA sebagai alat deteksi dini sepsis pada pasien dengan infeksi akut. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan pendekatan naratif terstruktur, melalui penelusuran artikel pada basis data PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar yang diterbitkan dalam rentang tahun 2016 hingga 2025, menggunakan kata kunci qSOFA, sepsis, deteksi dini, dan infeksi akut. Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi kemudian diekstraksi dan dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil kajian dari delapan belas artikel yang relevan menunjukkan bahwa qSOFA memiliki spesifisitas yang cukup tinggi dalam memprediksi mortalitas, disfungsi organ akut, dan kebutuhan perawatan intensif pada pasien dengan kecurigaan infeksi di luar ICU, namun sensitivitasnya secara konsisten rendah hingga sedang, sehingga berisiko melewatkan sejumlah pasien sepsis pada tahap awal. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi qSOFA dengan parameter tambahan seperti kadar laktat atau capillary refill time secara kuantitatif dapat meningkatkan akurasi diagnostik secara bermakna. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa qSOFA berguna sebagai alat skrining cepat dan praktis di samping tempat tidur, terutama untuk stratifikasi risiko awal, tetapi tidak dianjurkan digunakan sebagai satu-satunya alat skrining sepsis mengingat keterbatasan sensitivitasnya dan perlu dikombinasikan dengan penilaian klinis menyeluruh serta parameter penunjang lain.
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