Studi Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Pengaruh Variasi Persentase Biomassa dalam Skema Co-Firing pada PLTU Pelabuhan Ratu terhadap Dampak Lingkungan dan Emisi CO2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v5i7.6188Keywords:
Ko-firing, Serbuk Gergaji, Penilaian Daur Hidup, Potensi Pemanasan Global, OpenLCAAbstract
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) berbahan bakar batubara masih mendominasi penyediaan listrik nasional sekaligus menjadi penyumbang utama emisi gas rumah kaca. Co-firing biomassa merupakan strategi transisi energi rendah karbon yang dapat diterapkan pada PLTU eksisting tanpa modifikasi besar. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi dampak lingkungan dan emisi CO2 dari variasi persentase co-firing sawdust pada PLTU Pelabuhan Ratu (3×350 MW) menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dengan batas sistem cradle-to-grave dan satuan fungsional 1 kWh listrik. Lima skenario dianalisis: baseline 100% batubara (S0) dan co-firing sawdust 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% berbasis energi (S1–S4). Pemodelan dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak openLCA 2.6.1 dan metode ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) pada empat kategori dampak: Global Warming Potential (GWP100), Terrestrial Acidification, Particulate Matter Formation, dan Ozone Formation, dilengkapi indikator Nilai Ekonomi Karbon (NEK). Hasil menunjukkan seluruh kategori dampak menurun konsisten seiring naiknya persentase co-firing. Pada substitusi 20% (S4), GWP100 menurun 19,6% (dari 0,5983 menjadi 0,4809 kg CO2-eq/kWh), Terrestrial Acidification 41,0%, Particulate Matter Formation 37,1%, dan Ozone Formation 18,9% dibandingkan baseline. Tahap hulu batubara (cradle) menjadi hotspot dominan GWP100 (~74%). Seluruh skenario berada di bawah cap PTBAE-PU (1,011 ton CO2e/MWh) sehingga menghasilkan surplus karbon, dengan potensi pendapatan meningkat dari Rp12.381/MWh (S0) menjadi Rp15.902/MWh (S4). Co-firing sawdust hingga 20% terbukti layak secara lingkungan dan ekonomi sebagai strategi dekarbonisasi PLTU eksisting.
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