Reformulasi Doktrin Hukum Perjanjian dalam Kontrak Berbasis Artificial Intelligence: Analisis Normatif dan Komparatif
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Perkembangan kontrak berbasis artificial intelligence (AI) menimbulkan tantangan terhadap doktrin hukum perjanjian klasik, terutama terkait kesepakatan, subjek hukum, dan tanggung jawab, sehingga memunculkan kesenjangan normatif dalam hukum positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis relevansi doktrin hukum perjanjian klasik dalam kontrak berbasis AI serta merumuskan model reformulasi doktrin yang lebih adaptif. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif, dengan membandingkan berbagai yurisdiksi seperti Uni Eropa, Amerika Serikat, dan negara-negara Asia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa doktrin klasik tidak lagi memadai dalam menjelaskan kompleksitas kontrak berbasis AI, sehingga diperlukan reformulasi melalui lima pilar utama, yaitu delegated consent, functional legal entity, multi-layer liability, hybrid interpretation, dan extended good faith. Reformulasi doktrin hukum perjanjian harus dilakukan secara integratif dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik teknologi dan praktik global, sehingga mampu menciptakan kepastian hukum dan keadilan dalam kontrak berbasis AI. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep-konsep fundamental seperti kesepakatan, subjek hukum, tanggung jawab, interpretasi kontrak, dan itikad baik mengalami tekanan normatif akibat meningkatnya peran sistem algoritmik dalam pembentukan dan pelaksanaan kontrak.
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