Otoritas Hadis dalam Ritual Kematian Lokal: Analisis Kritis atas Dalil Pembacaan Al-Fatihah dan Keutamaan Lokasi Pemakaman
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna sosial-keagamaan praktik pembacaan Surah Al-Fatihah untuk jenazah dan pemilihan lokasi pemakaman di dekat masjid, pesantren, atau lingkungan orang saleh, serta mengkaji kualitas sanad dan matan hadis yang dijadikan dasar legitimasi praktik tersebut, dan menjelaskan posisinya dalam perspektif kritik hadis, ma?la?ah, ‘urf, dan living hadith. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, studi dokumen, serta analisis takhrij hadis dan analisis tematik refleksif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembacaan Al-Fatihah telah menjadi ritual komunal yang berfungsi sebagai doa kolektif, penguat solidaritas sosial, dan sarana penghiburan emosional bagi keluarga duka. Pemilihan lokasi pemakaman dimaknai sebagai upaya memperoleh keberkahan melalui kedekatan dengan ruang religius. Secara tekstual, hadis yang digunakan sebagai dasar praktik berada pada kategori lemah (da‘if) dan palsu (mawdu’) serta tidak didukung matan yang kuat dalam sumber hadis sahih, sementara secara sosial praktik tersebut tetap memiliki legitimasi melalui otoritas kiai, ma?la?ah, ‘urf, dan living hadith. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan adanya transformasi otoritas dari validitas tekstual menuju otoritas praksis sosial dalam ritual kematian masyarakat Muslim Indonesia. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan studi living hadith dengan menjelaskan mekanisme re-otorisasi hadis lemah dalam praktik keagamaan berbasis budaya lokal.
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