Pengembangan Sistem Konstruksi Modular Hybrid Berbasis Kayu Lokal dan Limbah Tambang Nikel untuk Rumah Panggung Adaptif terhadap Beban Seismik di Wilayah Sulawesi Tenggara
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Penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem konstruksi rumah panggung modular hybrid yang mengintegrasikan kayu lokal unggulan, yaitu kayu Bitti (Vitex cofassus) dan kayu Jati (Tectona grandis), dengan limbah tailing nikel dari PT ANTAM UBPN Kolaka, sebagai solusi hunian adaptif dan tahan gempa di Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian dilaksanakan melalui lima tahap: karakterisasi material, perancangan sistem modular, simulasi numerik, pengujian eksperimental, dan integrasi model. Kayu Bitti terpilih sebagai material utama karena densitas 0,94 g/cm³, kuat lentur 108,2 MPa, dan modulus elastisitas lentur (MOE) 18.600 MPa, melampaui SNI 7973:2013 kelas I, sedangkan limbah tailing nikel (SiO? 48,3%, Fe?O? 22,6%) digunakan sebagai filler komposit. Formulasi optimum komposit C-6 (50% kayu Bitti, 35% tailing nikel, 15% resin epoksi) menghasilkan kuat tekan 54,5 MPa dan kuat lentur 82,4 MPa. Sistem modular berbasis grid 600×600 mm dengan tiga tipe sambungan inovatif disimulasikan menggunakan SAP2000/ETABS, menunjukkan Model B (hybrid) memiliki frekuensi alami 32% lebih tinggi dibandingkan Model A (konvensional). Analisis respons dinamik gempa Palu 2018 menunjukkan Model B mereduksi simpangan antar lantai hingga 32,6% dan meningkatkan faktor daktilitas dari 4,65 menjadi 6,37. Validasi eksperimental skala 1:2 menunjukkan portal hybrid memiliki beban maksimum 28,6% lebih tinggi dan daktilitas siklik 50% lebih besar. Pengujian meja goyang skala 1:10 pada percepatan 0,35g membuktikan struktur hybrid hanya mengalami kerusakan non-struktural, sedangkan sistem konvensional runtuh total. Dari aspek ekonomi, sistem hybrid hanya 4,2% lebih mahal namun menurunkan jejak karbon hingga 10,3%. Penelitian ini membuktikan integrasi kayu Bitti, limbah tailing nikel, dan sambungan modular menghasilkan struktur rumah panggung yang kuat, daktail, kompetitif, dan berkelanjutan.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Armin Aryadi, Isramyano Yatjong, Arif Arif, Nurfasiha Nurfasiha, Nasrul Nasrul, Sahril Sahril
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