Analisis Tekno-Ekonomi PLTS 4 MW dengan Sistem Zero Export untuk Pemenuhan House Load PLTU Paiton Unit 7 dan 8
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Pemanfaatan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik internal pembangkit termal dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam mengurangi penggunaan energi berbasis batubara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kelayakan teknis dan ekonomi PLTS ground-mounted dengan sistem zero export untuk memasok sebagian house load PLTU Paiton Unit 7 dan 8. Sistem dirancang dengan kapasitas 5.002,8 kWp pada sisi DC dan 4 MW pada sisi AC menggunakan 9.096 modul fotovoltaik berkapasitas 550 Wp dan 16 inverter berkapasitas 250 kW. Analisis teknis dilakukan menggunakan PVsyst, sedangkan analisis ekonomi menggunakan indikator LCOE, NPV, IRR, PI, PP, dan ROI. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan produksi energi sebesar 8.281,1 MWh/tahun, specific yield 1.655 kWh/kWp/tahun, dan performance ratio 82,62%. Skenario P90 sebesar 7.815 MWh/tahun digunakan sebagai dasar analisis ekonomi. Pada kondisi dasar dengan CAPEX Rp52,72 miliar dan tingkat diskonto 9%, diperoleh LCOE Rp913,08/kWh, NPV ?Rp13,57 miliar, IRR 4,34%, dan PI 0,74, sehingga proyek belum memenuhi kriteria kelayakan finansial. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa CAPEX merupakan parameter yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kelayakan. Kombinasi penurunan CAPEX 15% dan kenaikan harga batubara 10% meningkatkan NPV menjadi ?Rp231,37 juta, IRR 8,91%, dan PI 0,99. Analisis break-even menunjukkan bahwa proyek mencapai NPV nol pada CAPEX Rp40,86 miliar atau 22,49% lebih rendah dari kondisi dasar, dengan harga batubara tetap USD70/ton dan produksi energi P90. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem layak secara teknis, sedangkan kelayakan finansial sangat dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan mengoptimalkan biaya investasi tanpa menurunkan spesifikasi dan kinerja teknis system.
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