Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Normalizing terhadap Struktur Mikro dan Sifat Mekanik Paduan Silicon Manganese (SiMn)
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Paduan Silicon Manganese (SiMn) berperan penting sebagai deoksidator dan unsur paduan dalam pembuatan baja, tetapi proses peleburan dan pengecoran dapat menghasilkan struktur mikro tidak homogen yang memengaruhi sifat mekaniknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi temperatur normalizing terhadap struktur mikro, kekerasan, dan estimasi kekuatan tarik paduan SiMn. Penelitian eksperimental kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan spesimen tanpa perlakuan panas serta spesimen yang dinormalisasi pada temperatur 700°C, 800°C, dan 900°C dengan holding time 15 menit dan pendinginan udara. Struktur mikro diamati menggunakan mikroskop metalografi pada perbesaran 200× dan 500×, sedangkan kekerasan diuji menggunakan metode Micro Vickers dengan beban 300 gf selama 10 detik pada lima titik indentasi. Nilai Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) diestimasi melalui persamaan empiris berdasarkan kekerasan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan temperatur normalizing menghasilkan distribusi struktur mikro yang semakin homogen. Kekerasan rata-rata meningkat dari 478,0 HV0.3 pada 700°C menjadi 574,8 HV0.3 pada 800°C dan 621,2 HV0.3 pada 900°C. Estimasi UTS juga meningkat berturut-turut menjadi 1.577,4 MPa, 1.896,8 MPa, dan 2.050,0 MPa. Peningkatan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa temperatur yang lebih tinggi mendukung difusi atom dan homogenisasi struktur serta mengurangi ketidakseragaman sifat material akibat proses solidifikasi selama pengecoran. Dengan demikian, normalizing pada 900°C menghasilkan karakteristik mikrostruktur dan sifat mekanik terbaik dalam rentang temperatur yang diteliti.
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