Pengaruh Krim Ekstrak Air Buah Markisa (Passiflora edulis) terhadap Kadar NOD-Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) dan Kepadatan Kolagen pada Kulit Tikus Wistar Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) Model Photoaging
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Photoaging merupakan penuaan kulit akibat paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV), terutama UVB, yang memicu stres oksidatif, aktivasi inflammasom NOD-Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3), degradasi kolagen, dan inflamasi kronik. Buah markisa (Passiflora edulis) mengandung senyawa fenolik yang berpotensi sebagai agen antioksidan dan antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan pengaruh krim hidrosol buah markisa dengan konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, dan 10% terhadap kadar NLRP3 dan kepadatan kolagen pada kulit tikus Wistar jantan model photoaging yang terpapar sinar UVB. Penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized post-test only control group design menggunakan 24 ekor tikus Wistar jantan (umur 3 bulan, 150–200 g) yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (n=6): KN (krim dasar + paparan UVB), P1 (krim hidrosol markisa 2,5% + UVB), P2 (krim hidrosol markisa 5% + UVB), dan P3 (krim hidrosol markisa 10% + UVB). Paparan UVB diberikan 3x/minggu selama 4 minggu (total 840 mJ/cm²). Kadar NLRP3 diukur dengan metode ELISA dan kepadatan kolagen dinilai secara histologis menggunakan pewarnaan Picrosirius Red dengan analisis ImageJ. Kadar NLRP3 menurun bermakna pada kelompok P1 (1,023 ± 0,035 ng/mL, p=0,004) dan P3 (0,994 ± 0,026 ng/mL, p=0,002) dibandingkan kontrol (1,187 ± 0,179 ng/mL), namun tidak bermakna pada P2 (p=0,818). Kepadatan kolagen meningkat bermakna pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kontrol (KN: 60,93 ± 3,17%; P1: 69,12 ± 3,07%; P2: 79,86 ± 2,88%; P3: 70,86 ± 3,11%, semua p<0,001). Krim hidrosol buah markisa (Passiflora edulis) mampu menurunkan kadar NLRP3 (konsentrasi 2,5% dan 10%) dan meningkatkan kepadatan kolagen dosis 2,5%, 5%, dan 10% pada kulit tikus Wistar model photoaging akibat paparan UVB.
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