A family empowerment-based health promotion model for preventing chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women: A systematic literature review
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This study aimed to examine family empowerment-based health promotion models for preventing chronic energy deficiency (CED) among pregnant women through a systematic literature review. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, with relevant articles identified through searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The inclusion criteria comprised articles published between 2016 and 2026 in Indonesian or English that addressed health promotion interventions, family empowerment, and maternal nutritional status. Eligible articles were systematically reviewed to identify intervention strategies, forms of family involvement, and their reported contributions to CED prevention. The findings indicated that family empowerment-based health promotion approaches commonly integrated nutrition education, nutritional counseling, antenatal classes, and community-based interventions. Family involvement, particularly spousal support, financial assistance, shared decision-making, and accompaniment during antenatal care visits, was associated with improved maternal nutritional knowledge, healthier dietary behaviors, and better nutritional outcomes. Interventions incorporating sustained family and social support also demonstrated potential benefits in reducing the risk of CED during pregnancy. Overall, the findings suggested that family empowerment-based health promotion represents a promising approach to preventing CED among pregnant women. Integrating nutrition education, counseling, and family participation into maternal health services may facilitate sustained behavioral improvements and strengthen maternal nutritional well-being. Therefore, maternal health programs should prioritize meaningful family engagement, particularly the involvement of husbands and other household members, as an integral component of comprehensive CED prevention strategies.
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